Spain - Weather

Oct 12, 2025

Spain Weather for Sailors

The climate varies greatly from the Atlantic north coast, which is wet and cool, to the Mediterranean south and east, where summers are very hot and winters mild.

The winds are just as varied, the north coast coming under the influence of Atlantic weather systems, with south-westerly to north-westerly winds predominating in winter and northerly winds in summer, although land and sea breezes can be experienced inshore. This is also the case along the south-western coast during summer, while the rest of the year, winds are either easterly or westerly.

Alternating sea and land breezes are also characteristic of the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Winds in the main blow from the west, northwest, north and east but are influenced greatly by local topography.

NE Med Spain and Balearics

The northeastern coast (north of Barcelona) and the Balearics are occasionally affected in the summer by the Tramontana (Mistral), a strong, dry N or NW wind (cold in winter) which blows from southern France. The danger with this wind is that it can arrive with little warning on a calm sunny day and reach gale force in just 15 minutes. It normally blows for at least 3 days but can last up to a week or longer and is much more frequent in the winter months.

The Balearics also experience an atmospheric pressure phenomena during the summer months called a Rissaga or meteotsunami. Whilst not a regular occurrence, it is very difficult to predict and can (if extreme) cause chaos. During a Rissaga, the sea level can increase and decrease dramatically in a  matter of minutes. They are “atmospherically generated waves that amplify as they shoal and then resonate in bays and harbours” and can cause flooding and damage to vessels in port and at anchor.

Southern Spain

Other Mediterranean winds that affect Spain are the Vendaval (a strong SW to W wind that blows late Autumn to early Spring through the Straits of Gibraltar and along the south coast), the Levante (from Gib to Valencia) and the Sirocco (a hot wind blowing off the N African coast bringing haze, cloud and red/brown dust, common in Summer).

Severe Weather - DANA

DANA is a Spanish acronym for Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos. It translates to"Isolated Depression at High Altitudes" - more commonly known in Spain as "la gota fría" (the cold drop). A DANA is a type of weather phenomenon in which a "pocket" of cold air in the upper atmosphere separates from the main stream and sweeps over a warmer air mass. This process can result in severe weather, including winds in excess of 100km/hour, heavy rains and flooding. In recent years there has been an increase in heavy and torrential rains on the Mediterranean side of the Iberian peninsula. More common in September/October, DANA's are now occuring as early as August in the Mediterranean, but DANAs are also known to occur in the Canary Islands. DANA's are extremely difficult to forecast and normally an alert is issued once the DANA has started to form. It is also extremely difficult to pinpoint exactly where the worst of the weather will impact as they are highly localised.

See AEMET's explanation of a DANA/gota fría (in Spanish).

Weather Resources

Broadcast by:- Radio Nacional de Espana at 1000 and 1300 LT via - La Coruna 639kHz, Seville 684kHz Sociedad Espana de Radio - a programme containing information for commercial fishing operations, plus weather forecasts and sea conditions, is broadcast between 0600 and 0700 LT and again in condensed format 2205 from La Coruna 1080kHz, Vigo 1026kHz, Huelva 100.5MHz, Cadiz 1485kHz, Seville 792kHz

Spanish weather forecasts:

For links to free global weather information, forecast services and extreme weather information see the Noonsite Weather Page.

For severe weather details and preparation advice see here.

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